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I/O (Input / Output) Bus - Peripheral Bus:

Pathway circuitry connecting Peripheral Devices to the CPU for moving data. Whereas the CPU & Memory connect through the System Bus a.k.a. Front Side Bus (FSB), which is faster than the I/O Bus.

1. 1394 FireWire
2. 32 bit & 64 bit PCI Slots
   1. IRQ Map & I/O APIC: Plus understanding PCI IRQ Steering.
3. AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port
4. AMR & CNR Riser Cards
5. ATA/ATAPI: Parallel ATA
6. Azalia - Intel's next generation High Definition Audio program codenamed Azalia.
   1. PlanetAnalog.com - Intel kicks off nex-gen audio effort: "Azalia codecs sit on a dedicated bus that links to dedicated audio, telephony or communications devices. The bus runs at a selectable 3.3-1V. It supports 24 Mbit/second audio inputs and "double-pumped" 48 Mbit/second audio output." (5/19/2003).
7. Bluetooth: Wireless Technology
8. CSA (Communication Streaming Architecture) Bus Interface:  (CAT5) Gigabit Ethernet
9. Fibre Channel Technology: One and Two Gigabit Interconnect Technology!
10. InfiniBand I/O Interconnect - Server I/O Interconnect (Link).

    Server I/O Bus Architecture expected to replace PCI Bus. InfiniBand is a combination of Intel's NGIO (Next Generation I/O) and Future I/O from IBM, HP and Compaq. In 2000, Future I/O and NGIO merged into one technology, originally named System I/O and now InfiniBand with currently 100 Companies behind its development.
    

    InfiniBand is a Serial, Point-to-Point Switching Architecture suitable for Data Center Bandwidth requirements capable of 500 MBps to 6 GBps between two Nodes.

11. Parallel ATA/ATAPI
12. microsoft.com - PCI Technology:
13. PCI Express - The next Desktop I/O Bus Interface on the horizon expected to replace PCI Local Bus architecture. Due out in 2004 (5/28/2003).
14. PCI-X:
    1. PCI-SIG - Specifications - PCI-X
15. Parallel Port - IEEE 1284: A connection point on a computer to connect Devices passing data into and out of a computer. A printer is typically connected to a Parallel Port (also called an LPT Port), and a Dial-Up Modem is typically connected to a Serial Port (also called a COM Port). IEEE 1284 also defines required cable type and increases distance to 32 feet. Considered a Legacy Device.

    The DirectParallel feature in Win2000 supports computer-to-computer connections by using standard and enhanced (ECP) Parallel Ports, which use Parallel Technologies' Basic or Fast parallel cables. For information about configuring a direct network connection to use a DirectParallel cable, see To make a direct network connection by using a DirectParallel cable. Direct Cable Connection cables are available from several sources. You can obtain DirectParallel cables from Parallel Technologies or from their local dealers. 

    To make a direct network connection by using a DirectParallel cable Open Network and Dial-up Connections. Double-click Make New Connection, and then click Next.

    1. EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port) mode increases bi-directional transfer from the Centronics 150 Kbytes/sec to between 600 Kbytes/sec and 1.5 Mbytes/sec. Nibble and byte modes provide slower rates.
    2. ECP (Enhanced Capabilities Port) designed for Printers.
       
    3. Parallel and Serial Technologies: "The recommended implementation for I/O connections on new PCs and for new devices is to use USB or IEEE 1394. However, Microsoft Windows Operating Systems continue to support legacy Serial and Parallel Ports and devices. However, Microsoft does not provide parallel drivers for 64-bit versions of Windows."
    4. msdn.microsoft.com - Operating a Parallel Port:
    5. www.lpt.com - Parallel Technologies' PC to PC Connection Products:
16. SCSI - Small Computer System Interface.
17. Serial ATA - High Speed Serialized AT Attachment.
18. Serial Port: A Computer Port allowing asynchronous transmission of data characters one bit at a time. Also called a Communications or COM Port. Considered a Legacy Device.
19. SMBus: System Management Bus (SMBus) defined by Intel in 1995. It is used in Personal Computers and Servers for low-speed System Management Communications.
20. USB: Universal Serial Bus